Gender Inclusion and Conservation of Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya

Abstract

The Masai Mara Reserve, home to both wildlife and the indigenous Masai people, faces a challenge in its conservation efforts. Despite the long-standing coexistence of people and animals, the National Reserve has often sidelined local voices, especially those of women who directly benefit from wildlife-related activities. The 2012 drought highlighted the fragile balance between the ecosystem’s preservation and community livelihoods, prompting a re-evaluation of conservation practices. Despite Kenya’s 2010 constitution guaranteeing equal rights and opportunities, the recognised customary laws are deeply rooted in patriarchy, limiting women's participation in decision-making regarding land, natural resources, and access.

In August 2023, the Narok County and the Maasai Mara Wildlife Conservancies Association (MMWCA), celebrated seventy-five years of the Maasai Mara National Reserve. While this event marked a milestone in wildlife conservation, as the wildlife is given space without any interference from humans, women’s movement and decision making is limited due to gender exclusion.

This research sought to establish how gender exclusion and misguided stereotyping of LGBTQ+ individuals affect the conservation of Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. This study has used secondary data such as the Narok County, MMWCA, and KWCA websites. Employing descriptive research analysis, the study identifies financial losses, withdrawal of donors, and gender exclusion in budgeting and management plans of the Maasai Mara National Reserve as significant issues. The study highlights the need to bridge the gap between the constitution and customary laws through policy reforms supporting gender inclusion. Addressing these challenges is crucial for sustaining both wildlife conservation and community well-being in Masai Mara National Reserve.